The surgeon probably left it there because of the size of the cyst, and possibly the type of cyst.

I had a large cyst that was to be removed laparscopically, and when he went in to do it, he discovered that it was a dermoid cyst. Dermoid cysts are filled with things like hair-gross.
I had to do a laparotomy, because they did not want to run the risk of it rupturing during laparscopic surgery.

I was glad for their caution, because as it turned out, the large cyst I had was a mucinous cyst with borderline malignancy.  Had they done the laparscopic, all those pre-cancerous cells would have been flying through my body.

As for whether it likely indicates cancer, that can’t really be answered until they send it to pathology. Cancer is a weird disease, and different for every person. One person may have a tiny cyst that looks to be a normal, functional cyst. If removed, it may be cancer.  Another person may have a giant cyst that is nothing at all, but a huge pain.  Pathology will biopsy the tissue and determine if there was something there.

And, your other question about the reproductive system, you have two ovaries, and as long as you have one working ovary, you can still get pregnant.

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The final progress of the disease varies for many women. Usually there are respiratory problems, and her kidneys may fail. She will get progressively weaker, and it’s not unusual for them to stop eating, or not eat much at all beyond a few bites. She will tend to sleep more and more, and of course pain medications will tend to make her sleep more as well. She will likely reach an accommodation with her end before the rest of you are able, and I would not be surprised if she tries to help you all reach acceptance before the end comes. The patients usually do try to say their goodbyes and reassure those who will go on living.
I’m sorry this is what you must face in the near future. The dying itself is usually the easy part, it’s the surviving that proves the challenge. If you and your family, and your mother are religious people, it does help a great deal to have your spiritual ad-visor for support and assistance. If hospice care is not available, then the people at the hospital should have resources available to help you when the time comes. You can also look for grief counselors, for the family at least. Cancer treatment centers also are good sources for aid and assistance, and have support groups and people that can answer many of your questions. I hope for you all, your mother and your family, that you find a sense of peace and help to cope with what is to come.

Consultation for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer treatment in US? I am an Indian, currently in US (Chicago) on work. My mom has ovarian cancer and is undergoing Chemotherapy in India. I wanted to have a consultation of a good doctor over here too. Just in case there’s a better option for treatment here. Need any inputs on this regard. Thanks a lot in advance.
I have all her major and recent reports with me. Please suggest me ways for finding a good doctor. I am new to the US health care system.